One of the Few, One of the Proud Essay -- United States Marine Corps S

One of the Few, One of the Proud To some it may seem â€Å"easy† to become a soldier in the United States Marine Corps. A recruit goes to boot camp, passes, and goes on to save the world and defend the nation, but in fact it is much harder. Boot camp in itself is a test for the body to see its weaknesses and turn them to strengths and to see how long the brain can be mentally alert and ready and when tired can still give a hundred percent. Within boot camp there is the ultimate test that proves whether a recruit is just another person or if they have what it takes to be a Marine. This test is called the Crucible; it is not just the title of a book. Boot camp begins in the recruit’s home state when they sign the papers and a contract to allow the recruit to be shipped to Parris Island, South Carolina. It is eighty-nine days of depending on one’s self and trusting people that would normally be considered strangers. These are teammates and allies. Everyday is spent with them and they will help you succeed or suffer in those eighty-nine days. A recruit accomplishes a goal with his fellow recruits or fails with them. It is never a one-person effort. This is important in the end. During boot camp, each personal receives eight hours of sleep for a sixteen-hour workday. In this time, civilians learn what it takes to become a Marine and know what is expected of them. There is constant movement and training so that there is no free time to sleep or get distracted from the goals (Seymour). Every task and mission asked of a person during boot camp has a purpose. The purpose is to prepare the future soldier for any kind of situation that may take place in the field during a real mission. T... ... USMC - MCRDSD/WRR - Description of Recruit Training. United States Marine Corps. 19 Nov. 2003 <http://www.mcrdsd.usmc.mil/RTR/trainingDS.htm>. Woulfe, James B. Into the Crucible: Making Marines for the 21st Century. New York: Ballantine Books, Inc, 2000. Mission Complete: "The battle of Iwo Island has been won. The United States Marines by their individual and collective courage have conquered a base which is as necessary to us in our continuing forward movement toward final victory as it was vital to the enemy in staving off ultimate defeat. By their victory, the 3d, 4th and 5th Marine Divisions and other units of the 5th Amphibious Corps have made an accounting to their country which only history will be able to value fully. Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, UNCOMMON VALOR WAS A COMMON VIRTUE." -Admiral Chester W. Nimitz

Anthropological Observations

Tyler Adams Anthropology 2 17th November 2012 Research Paper Outline I. Introduction A. The purpose of this paper is to observe and understand the behaviors and aspects of culture in Starbuck’s Coffee. B. To evaluate this problem I used participant observation, analyzing and observing people without bias while participating in the environment. In participant observation one must not make it known that he or she is analyzing people so as not to change their behaviors, one must also be sure to remain unbiased throughout the process. C.I argue that there are several different motives for going to Starbuck’s but it is a central meeting place for cultures to interact and enjoy. D. The following paper will provide examples and proof that I found in my research about this situation and includes facts I observed at Starbuck’s Coffee. II. One factor about the problem: A. How many people were there at different times? B. Plenty of different sizes of groups came into Starbu ck’s. C. Conviviality in Catalina III. Another factor of the problem: A. What are the different subjects people are discussing?B. Studying, tests, research, social life, sports games, politics. C. Citation for 2nd factor IV. Another factor of the problem: A. What are the functionalities of Starbuck’s besides food and drink? B. Social gathering, studying, meeting new people. C. Citation for 3rd factor V. Conclusions A. I conclude that Starbuck’s Coffee is a central cultural meeting place where many people come for several different reasons, different amounts of people and different conversational subjects were present in the coffee shop at varying times.

Evaluation of investment opportunities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2774 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Deveraux Deloitte Brief: 100673 A) The evaluation of investment opportunities that absorb capital assets, also known as investment appraisal, is a primary concern for corporate decision makers. Investment appraisal is of crucial importance for the financial future position of big firms, since it determines the financial flows of the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s allocated budget and ultimately defines the level of the shareholders wealth. Primary theoretical finance suggests several techniques for appraising investment opportunities. These techniques were initially devised so as to assist financial managers or management accountants to evaluate future cash flows with a high level of certainty the potential viability and profitability of different investment opportunities. For this reason, the different methods suggested in theory are tailored to different approaches, according to the investment objectives each firm might envisage. However, previous empirical papers suggest that decision makers frequently fail to adopt in vestment appraisal methods that theory provides[1]. A possible justification for the practical deviation from theoretical instruments might be that in the light of business experience the evaluation of investment projects is less concise and clear-cut than in theory, since most investments are also subject to factors that cannot be encompassed from theory. The practical difficulties associated with the implementation of various appraisal techniques will be discussed in this essay. The long-term financial position of the firm, and thereby the future of shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ wealth, is greatly affected by the deployed source of capital assets that are used to finance investment projects. Therefore financial managers, who should aim at the maximisation of the shareholders wealth, come across an additional objective that follows investment appraisal. This additional objective will be discussed in the second section of this essay, with reference to the first section. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Evaluation of investment opportunities" essay for you Create order A basic method for investment appraisal only accounts for the required repayment period of the invested funds, which for this reason is called the payback method. Financial managers, that are primarily concerned how soon the invested capital will be ready for re-investing, frequently prefer this method because of its simplicity. Payback is explicitly handy to smaller companies that are in short of available capital, thus they want to track rapidly and easily their cash flows. However, payback ignores returns that might appear right after the end of the repayment period and as such it might indicate short-eyed decisions. If, for instance, a project yields higher returns right after the end of the pre-specified payback period, payback method will evidently ignore the returns. Also, an additional disadvantage of this method is that it ignores the widely recognised property of money to devalue through time. Fundamentally, between alternative investment opportunities with the same repayme nt period, the one that yields more returns sooner should be clearly preferred. Thus payback entirely falls short to account for different patterns of cash flows that occur within the payback period. Another widespread method of investment appraisal is the accounted rate of return (ARR) that is also known as Return On Investment (ROI) or Return On Capital Employed (ROCE). This method, which is defined as the average percent profitability-on-investment ratio, is also quite popular due to the fast and easy evaluation of the investing performance of any firm straight from its balance sheet. ARR also takes no account of the inequality in the value of subsequent cashflows. Moreover, given that profits are not certain at the beginning of the period, ARR method is likely to be misleading in the selection of the most appropriate investment opportunity. Rather than overall evaluation prior to the project, ARR is more frequently used to measure the aggregate profitability after the end of the investment period. This ex ante evaluation can also rate the ability of managers to decide on the most profitable and risk free investment opportunity, although this capability is only appropriate for short-term periods. A basic distinction between investment appraisal methods is whether they take account for the devaluation of money in the very long run. The two methods discussed above do not recognise the fact that the nominal value of a cashflow today is different from the real value of a cashflow with the same nominal value in future terms[2]. Therefore, a method that discounts the future value of a cashflow into present real value can provide a better evaluation criterion on which investment project is more profitable[3]. The discounting principle is incorporated in the Net Present Value (NPV) method. NPV transforms all future cashflows into real present values, and so if net cashflows are positive an investment decision can be made. Essentially, the discounting rate that transforms future values to present values is the cost of capital, which of course has to be less than the rate of return for the project to be profitable. The discount principle allows financial managers to select between alte rnative and mutually exclusive projects, according to which NPV is greater. The cost of capital, expressed as the rate of return above, can alternatively be used in another investment appraisal discounting method. Instead of comparing discounted future values, one can compare directly the rate of return with the cost of capital. This comparison method is called the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method, the rate of return of which is exactly the same one used in NPV above. Business experience has shown that IRR can be sometimes tricky to calculate and its use might not be of clear understanding to managers. It is true that if more than one outward cashflow is needed for a project (and this is a realistic scenario), the rate of return might take different values after subsequent cashflows are made in the life duration of the project[4]. However, IRR is not very handy for mutually exclusive projects that cannot be directly compared. This is due to the fact that discounting takes place for the whole amount of the one-off outward cashflow for each project, while other inward capital can be re-invested. In that case, NPV might seem appropriate. All the above methods of investment evaluation take only into consideration profit orientated decisions. However, big corporations nowadays might take up investment projects that have negative present value. The explanation to this seemingly irrational phenomenon is that firms wish to acquire a place in markets that have a great potential in the future, even if the markets are non-profitable at the moment. Thus firms are willing to accept a small loss today (considered as an opportunity cost) in exchange for a huge profit tomorrow. Nonetheless, it is always easier for firms to enter the competition in a market that is small and has not yet been deluged with investment funds than to attempt to enter an integrated market with huge entrance costs and fierce competition. Of course, companies always face the risk that the undeveloped market might never boom and thus never return significant profits. This risk is a necessary part of all entrepreneurial activities. Furthermore, many major investments are subject to non-financial factors that cannot be incorporated in any investment appraisal method. Such factors might be sociological or environmental concerns, changes in the relative law frameworks or unexpected economic fluctuations. For instance, some investment might have very low rate of return but still might be of vital importance for society. In that case, the project will proceed with support from the local community or public funds. Similar arguments can be put forward for the development of renewable forms of energy, the investment on which seems very unattractive at the moment. However, their development is of crucial important for the environmental and energy future of the planet. Thus, investment on renewables has to be publicly supplemented. Hereby, this section concludes that there is not a single à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“correctà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  method for appraising investments. On the contrary, it is argued that financial managers or accountants should have thorough understanding of all the techniques available in theory and deploy them accordingly to the needs and properties of each investment opportunity. B) Investment appraisal is followed by the decision on what assets should be used and from where will they be acquired. This decision lies entirely on the hands of the financial decision makers that are assumed to operate under the objective of maximising shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ wealth. Investment funds can derive from several capital sources: quoted shares, long term loans, derivative instruments, government subsidiaries (like in the sustainable energy case above) or internal finance. However, various capital sources create different sets of obligations to the firm and also are rated differently in terms of risk. Equity capital is drawn from shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ equities. When a firm sells a share, it agrees to pay back the buyer a dividend at the end of each year as compensation for the money received from the shareholder. Thus, this obligation of the firm to the shareholders lasts to infinity. That is the main difference between the equity capital and debt capital, which is acquired from loans. A loan represents an investment of an individual or institution for a contracted pre-specified period that yields subsequent contractual returns. On the other end, a loan represents a legal obligation for the borrower to repay the whole capital and its cost (the rate of return for the investor). When an investment is financed with loans, a sum of outward cashflows is created until the whole amount of the loan is repaid and the borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s obligation is redeemed. Apparently, the investment is evaluated as profitable, so as to create inward cashflows (returns) that can repay t he loan (nominal capital plus interest). If the evaluation is not precise or if the investment, for some reason does not yield profits, repayments are impossible and the firm is liquidated; all unpaid debt has to be repaid, by law, before any dividends can be paid back to the shareholders. In that sense, equity providers participate indirectly to the entrepreneurial risk of the firm and as such they face a higher risk of not acquiring returns than lenders. A firm acquires a long-term loan by issuing bonds, or otherwise notes that certify the nominal value of the loan, its cost to the lender (the coupon rate) and the specific repayment dates. The cost of the debt capital as expressed by the coupon rate is actually the rate of return for the creditors, but in the same time it is the opportunity cost for the firm. It is important to stress that debt capital has to be repaid by all means. For this reason, it is important for financial managers to have access to debt capital that can be repaid and in the same time invested such that it yields the maximum expected rate of return, for a specific level of risk. The more expected rate-of-return on an investment financed with debt capital the less the danger of default. However, if loans are expensive in capital markets (thus yielding less profit for the same rate-of-return) firms have the ability and authority to alter their financial structure and thus their risk-profile. If bond prices are hi gh, the firm can issue more bonds or if share prices are high the firm can issue more stocks. Of course, the extent of this decision lies entirely to the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s predictability of profits, a part of which is dependent on investment appraisal. If an investment appraisal is precise and returns can guarantee repayments, then the firm can issue more bonds. On the other hand, if the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s inward cashflows are volatile and repayments are not always certain, creditors realise that they face higher danger of default from the company and so ask for greater interest on loans. In this case a company will issue more shares in order to acquire cheaper capital. In other words, debt capital should only be invested in projects that yield the highest possible returns for the same risk levels, especially if financial managers wish to maximise shareholders wealth. Thus, a company that issues more long-term bonds should make sure that the investing of this debt capital should be done in the highest possible rate of return. Otherwise, the shareholders face unnecessary increased debt capital risks and the firm should limit its borrowing to avoid bankruptcy. Given the fact that debt capital is less risky to creditors that equity capital to shareholders, the firm should be expecting a higher rate of return from investments financed from equity capital than investments financed from loans[5]. However, this is not always possible because there is a limit to the number of shares that a company can issue. For this reason, firms issue preferred stock or different kinds of bonds in an attempt to acquire capital in the best possible terms but also to reduce the possibility of default. This procedure is called risk hedging and has greatly developed the last 30 years. The basic financial instruments used for hedging are all kinds of derivatives (options, futures, forwards, FRAs, swaps and others). With the use of derivatives, firms reduce the risk imposed on equity capital and so provide further insurance on their shareholders financial position. In conclusion, this essay examined the different methods used in investment appraisal and their potential implementation from firms to evaluate investment opportunities. The payback method, based on a simple principle, is particularly useful to firms that do not have broad access to finance and need to invest with increased certainty. However, payback method can be very misleading. The Accounting Rate of Return method can be an easy median to evaluate ex ante investment decisions, especially after their fulfilment, but does not take into account the time devaluation property of money. Thus it can be also misleading, especially when ARR is directly compared with the cost of capital. Money devaluation methods are in practice more accurate. Such methods incorporate the discounting principle and account for the opportunity cost of capital. The Net Present Value method accounts for the time value of money and is more appropriate if the cost of capital needs to be re-invested or if the pro ject selection has to be made from mutually exclusive investment opportunities. On the other hand, the Internal Rate of Return method, similar to the NPV method, provides a direct realistic comparison with the cost of capital and also can be very useful when the investment decision has to be made between two or more simultaneous projects, in which case IRR provides a direct comparison. These methods of investment appraisal cannot however be the single selection criteria. Realistically, firms often have to adhere to selection criteria that overcome financial theory suggestions. In the second section, the discussion continues on the sources of capital that firms use to finance their investments. Capital allocation in a firm depends greatly on its source. It is argued that a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision to increase debt capital within its financial structure should be accompanied by the increased certainty and ability to cover the firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ obligations to creditors. T his assumption, however, is not always sound. If a firm wishes to maximise the shareholders wealth, then the expected rate of return from investments that are financed with debt capital should not exceed the rate of return expected from investments financed with equity capital, otherwise the firm might face liquidation. And in the case of liquidation, shareholders are the last to be repaid. (Word Count:2517) References Arnold, G., (2002), Corporate Financial Management, (2nd edit.), Pitman Publishing Arnold, G., and Hatzopoulos, P., (2000), The Theory-Practice Gap in Capital Budgeting: evidence from the United Kingdom, Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 27(5) (6) June/July, p.603-624 Bratton, W., (2003), Corporate Finance: cases and material, (5th edit.), West Group publishing Brealey, R., and Myers, S., (1991), Principles of Corporate Finance, (7th edit.), Higher Education Publishers Dugdale, D., (1991), Is there a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“correctà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  method of investment appraisal, Management Accounting (UK), May, p.46-50 Dugdale, D and Jones, C., (1991), Discordant voices: accountantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ views of investment appraisal, Management Accounting (UK), (November), p.46-50 Lefley, F., (1997), The sometimes overlooked discounted payback method, Management Accounting, vol.75, iss.10, (November), p.36 Lumby, S., and Jones, C., (2003), Corporate Finance: theory and practice, Thomson Publishers Pike, R., (1996), A longitudinal survey on Capital Budgeting, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 23(1), (January), p. 79-91 Sangster, A., (1993), Capital Investment Appraisal Techniques: A survey of current usage, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, vol.20, iss.3, (April), p. 307-333 Watson, D., and Head, A., (2003), Corporate Finance: principles and practice, (3rd edit.), Pitman Publishing 1 Deveraux Deloitte Footnotes [1] Some of these papers are the studies from Arnold Hatzopoulos (2000), Pike (1996) and Sangster (1993) [2] However, a discounted payback method has also been suggested, see Lefley (1997). [3] In that sense discounting is the opposite of compounding. [4] Clearly, in an investment project that requires only one outward cashflow and regular inward cashflows, both NPV and IRR methods will produce the same results. [5] Following the basic principle that higher risk comes with great return.

The Jungle By Upton Sinclair - 1339 Words

The Importance of â€Å"The Jungle† The Jungle is a book that was written in 1906, in the middle of the Progressive Era. It was written by Upton Sinclair for the purpose to try to awaken the reader to the terrible living conditions of immigrants in the cities. But also to show how the harsh critical system led to meat inspection legislation and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. This novel specifies in every little detail about the living conditions and the working conditions of the immigrants. In this book, Sinclair indirectly articulates what the American Dream was and what it meant for all the immigrants. The 20th century progressivism was a response to the vast changes brought by modernization, such as the growth of large corporations and railroads and fears of corruption in the American politics. The Jungle was a novel that became significant for the 20th century progressivism because it stroke towards the growing corporations, such as the railroads and the meat industry . Not only that, it also shared very precise details about it by explaining to the reader what people would go through and what they would do to live. The 20th century began as a social movement and it later grew into a political movement. This book brought some concerns to the meat eaters and the president due to the very specific details on how the filthy meat was being produced, which caused them to investigate the production of the meat and the working conditions in the meat factories. The governmentShow MoreRelatedThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1526 Words   |  7 Pagessocietal and government reforms did â€Å"The Jungle† call for. Do you feel this novel was effective in bringing about any of these reforms. â€Å"The Jungle†, written by Upton Sinclair, is an astonishing novel informing readers about the devastating truths involving impoverished life in America, particularly Chicago. This novel gives the reader an inside look into to the struggles of numerous European immigrants as they ventured to America during the early 1900 s. Sinclair depicts the disturbing and emotionalRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair986 Words   |  4 PagesThe life of Jurgis Rudkus, from the novel The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, shares many parallels to the life of the working class in American society during the period 1865 to 1910. that limits the freedom of the working class. Even though it is stated on paper that working class citizens such as Jurgis are equals and just as free as the upper-class citizens, society limited the the freedom of the working class. 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Throughout The Jungle the reader follows an immigrant family on their journey of hardships andRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair937 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jungle, by Upton Sinclair and Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, by Frederick Douglass both bring forth personal or fictional events that capture t he interest of the the reader. The use of pathos in their writing along with true events questions the ethics, morality, and human rights of each individual at the time setting for the publication. In the book, The Jungle, Upton Sinclair advocates for the overall elimination of oppression and exploitation of workers andRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair1334 Words   |  6 Pages1900s there were already more than 10 million immigrants living in America. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle reveals the struggles and hardships of a family that immigrated to the United States from Lithuania during the 1900s. 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The Highs And Lows Of Manic Depressive Writing - 1507 Words

Sylvia Plath: The Highs and Lows of Manic Depressive Writing Sylvia Plath, a successful confessional style poet, struggled throughout her life with issues revolving around her father’s death, unsuccessful and unfulfilling relationships with men, and her mental illnesses. Throughout her struggles, Plath wrote, sometimes writing as much as 10 drafts a day. Despite welcoming into the world two children, whom she loved dearly, Plath still felt unfulfilled by her duties as a housewife. As she wrote more poems, it became clear she was unhappy in her life and in the grips of a serious mental illness. Sylvia Plath’s writing is deeply influenced by her experience with mental illness and the death of her father in her early life. Plath’s father’s untimely death left her with an unhealthy sort of codependency, resulting in a skewed image of relationships in general. In Plath’s poem â€Å"Daddy†, the speaker details their relationship with their father a s that between a Jewish person and a Nazi. The speakers describes the fear they experience in junction with their father. The speaker further elaborates on their father’s death when they were young, and that despite the deep resentment the speaker feels for their father, how it affected them deeply. Plath’s own father died when she was eight, and although he was a distant figure in her life due to his illness, she, too, was deeply moved by his death, relating back to the poem (Alexander, 32). What hurt Sylvia most about her father’sShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar ) Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar Disorder or manic-depressive disorder is a disorder characterized by highs, manias, and lows, depressions, and can therefore be easily distinguished from unipolar depression, a major depressive disorder in DSM-5, by the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes (Miklowitz Gitlin, 2014). Bipolar disorder is generally an episodic, lifelong illness with a variable course (American Psychiatric Association, 2010). 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They could go from being overly energetic and outgoing to feeling empty, depressed, angry and just completely worthless on a daily, weekly, monthly and or even yearly basis. Diagnosis, dramatic changes in one’s life, and even treatment can have a serious effect on an individual that is suffering from Bipolar disorderRead MoreThe Genius And Mental Illness1332 Words   |  6 Pagesclues about the mysterious link between highly creative individuals and mental disorders, most commonly manic depression. The National Institute on Mental Health estimates that manic depression, also called bipolar disorder, affects about 2 million Americans. Many scientists believe that a relationship exists between creativity and bipolar disorder, which was formerly called manic-depressive illness and is marked by dramatic shifts in a person s mood, energy, and ability to function. Numerous

Reasons for Change Free Essays

Lowes is one of several organizations well known as a home store which, draws customers that’s homeowners interested in do it yourself home projects or contractors. According to research Lowes has employed over 238,000 people, with the economy taking a turn for the worst Lowes was also affected. Which caused them to lay off over 1,700 employees in 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons for Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many were in manager positions that had been with the company for years and was hired during a time when business was booming. Lowes decided by laying off full time higher paid employees that it would benefit the organization as a whole by replacing them with part time employees. Lowes intended on hiring 8,000 to 10,000 part time sales associates between the 1,725 stores statewide. These workers would be paid less due to their positions being entry level for instance sales associates that would be paid a lot less. Part time employees would not be entitled to any benefits such as: health insurance, 401k, retirement, and etc. Although, most Lowes would possibly lose one manager position the store would be given 4-8 part time workers to compensate for the loss. The manager that lost their jobs would be compensated by receiving severance pay and assistance with job placement. Those workers that wasn’t laid off witness how some employees received pay cuts depending on their position. One of Lowes competitor is Home Depot which was placed in and unfortunate situation that led them to laying off many employees. This lead to them letting go full time employees and replacing them with part time associates that was paid less. As a result Home Depot received a lot of back lash due to this decision. Lowes was advised to pay close attention to how their customers react to the many changes. Because, the changes made within the organization will affect employees and customers. Lowes took a chance on downsizing and reconstructing which had a 46% success rate according to research (Leban Stone,2008). By Lowes making these changes it allowed them the opportunity to lay off higher paid employees while replacing them with lower paid sales associate’s within the organization. The purpose for this change was to save the organization money while continuing to accommodate their customers by maintain good customer service. Another reason Lowes felt it was essential to make changes within the organization was because, of the economy and the downturn that effected the construction industry. Lowes receiving over half of their business from construction industry so when business slows up so does Lowes. Some of Lowes customers are homeowners also which was affected by the turn in the economy which caused them to do fewer home repairs. Lowes organizational change could have been categorized by total quality management. Lowes began to focus mainly on the sales associates and how they interacted with the customers. Due to the middle managers not previously playing a major role within the organization. Lowes decided that the middle managers that’s not managing a department or currently working on the floor that remained on with them was instructed to monitor the sales associates. The organization strategy was to hire more part time workers to better serve their customers while building a rapport while becoming a asset to the organization. When reconstructing and downsizing, quality management driven change will work well due to the success rate being 37% ( Leban Stone, 2008). With the economy going downhill it would benefit Lowes to increase their prices however, it may not be wise at this time. Although, changes would be essential to too save money within the organization. Once Lowes made major changes within the organization they increased its quarterly profit by 17% from the previous year (Portillo,2011). According to research within the first 9 months in 2005 profits increased by 3.5% (Portillo, 2011). One must question how Lowes was able to lay off some of their full time managers and hire many more part time workers. This change occurred when the economy was bad and a lot of people had already lost their jobs. Lowes was looking for a way out that would benefit their organization as a whole. Their solution was done with hopes of saving money while increasing profits. This change has made a difference thus far and hopefully in the near future they will be able to promote part time employees and offer benefits. How to cite Reasons for Change, Papers

Understanding Language and Literacy

Question: Define Visual literacy and its role in childrens language and literacy development. Answer: Visual literature is defined as the fundamental ability to interpret language, decode, understand, create, challenge, question and thus evaluate texts which communicate with visual graphics and words. People who are educated visually are able to understand the meaning and the purpose hidden within the language of the texts or the graphics from their shape, structure and organization(Vasquez, Comer, Troutman, 2010). In the 21st century digitalization is an important factor in day to day life. Due to this the power to acquire knowledge by children has increased which states its importance both in the development of the language and literacy. Benefits of Visual Literacy With the growth of the technology; learning process of the children is no more dependent only on the texts material but extends to the images and prints which are used to boost up the text. The graphics and images form part of visual literacy which plays a very important in the education and learning methodology of the children(Hartley Horne, 2011). Estimating the benefits of visual literacy; the visual texts are referred as the easiest way of presenting the kids with a clear idea of the concept in study. While this is the primary benefit; visual literacy plays a very important role in special education. When children are taught with the help of visual literature, they are made and helped to think way beyond their linguistic abilities. These graphics and images provide equal learning to children coming from diverse cultural background and potential learning abilities. Images also possess the ability to visualize a whole story in brief like a movie being screened while the colors use d in designing these images helps in arousing and directing the emotional ability of the children(Kidwell Hasford, 2014). Describelearning experiences which can be derived from Visual literacy for childrens language and literacy development From the meaning of visual literacy; the learning experiences which one derives from it can be assimilated in brief. Visual literacy helps in decode images or graphics to understand the message in them. It also produces the requisite visual representation by making use of various art elements such as shapes, colors, etc, which are needed for creating a new message to prove their understanding (Spencer Schuweiler, 2012). Moving deeper into the learning experiences which can be derived from visual literacy for childrens language and literacy development; the experiences can be broadly classified into 5 categories. They are namely literal or explicit learning experience, inferential or implicit learning experience, creative experience, critical experience and visual experience(Machin-Mastromatteo, 2014). Literal or explicit learning experience can be defined as the idea which the children get to decode and assimilate from the verbal expression or from the letters of the texts. This refers to the real idea which is meant by the text and is notdependent any way on the figures or the metaphors used alongside the texts. Children read out the text, use their cognitive skill to decode its meaning; understand the words and sentences and derive the true meaning which is meant by the text. Overall meaning says that literal or explicit learning is not influenced by imagination or ideas related to the complete meaning exerted by the texts(Chaffer Swedberg, 2013). Inferential learning experiences refer to teaching students the ability to read in a more strategic way or more inferentially. In this process the children are able to assimilate and develop greater and deeper knowledge by making interpretation of new ideas in the context of the past learning experiences. Children keep on recalling the past learnt knowledge by developing a relation of the same with that being learnt presently for example the new information. Moving further; inferences are termed as the conclusions which one draws keeping into context the already known ideas and information with the topic presently being studied. Such a learning experience helps the students in developing a relation between the experiences they have gained in life with those involved in the context of study. Such type of learning helps the students in understanding the relationship between the characters and draw conclusions from the facts which are represented within the texts thus relating them to t he outer world happenings. Creative experiences are defined as those experiences which help in building up the creative skills of the students. When a student is engaged in the process of visual literacy likereading texts from a story book; they develop their creative learning experience by using their mental ability to design the scene being read out in an imaginative way(Svensson, 2015). This helps them in better understanding the context of the story for example decode the meaning and draw conclusions as well as builds in their confidence in creativity. From the educational learning process visual learning experiences are referred to as sight visits which invest memorable ideas within the children. Hence by giving them through an excellent process which will live among them for a long duration even after they take away their eye from that particular sight (Newsam, Walley, McKie, 2010). The case is similar in the context of children who are specially challenged with problems as eyesight issues. This kind of learning experience drawn from visual literacy invests such an in-depth idea within the childrens mind that they retain even the texture, color, smell, brightness and sound they have visualized or heard of. References Banerjee, R. Luckner, J. (2014). Training Needs of Early Childhood Professionals Who Work With Children and Families Who Are Culturally and Linguistically Diverse. Chaffer, J. Swedberg, K. (2013).Learning jQuery. Birmingham: Packt Publishing. Curriculum document update. (1995).Curriculum Journal,6(2), 265-271. Geddes, J., Murrell, A., Bauguss, J. (2010). Childhood Learning: An Examination of Ability and Attitudes toward School. Hartley, R. Horne, J. (2011). Researching Literacy and Numeracy Costs and Benefits: What is possible. Hayn, J. Kaplan, J. (2012).Teaching young adult literature today. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Kidwell, B. Hasford, J. (2014).Emotional Ability and Nonverbal Communication.